This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

“Seyyed Qutb” is known as one of the most obliged poets of CONTEMPORARY Egypt.He played a pioneering role in critics literature. His poetry belongs to ROMANCE poetic school.His structural style is based on the clarity in meaning, transparent phrases and smoothness.

Formula is a structural element of popular ROMANCEs. This essay analyzes the situation of this element in the ROMANCE of Amir Arsalan. First, the concept of formula in the field of oral composition is defined; then functional arrangement of formulas is presented (formulas construct linear process of the story, shape the space of the story and dialogical formulas); afterward, through analyzing the subset of this three major groups, qualitative and quantitative effects of the factors such as literary tradition, naqqali's (storytelling) tradition, naqqal (the storyteller), addressee, writer, social setting and other factors depending on this ROMANCE have been demonstrated. It should be pointed out that among the above factors the influence of epic and lyric text and artistic prose, domination of metaphorical pole of language and poetic quality of the text and sensible effect of the addressee and the writer of ROMANCE (Naser al-din shah and Fakhr aldowleh) on the process of creating the ROMANCE have been also influential.

Keramat (Dignity) is always renowned for the Sufis and is considered as the most prominent ability of the Sufi elderly. Dignity topic is one of the beginning topics of Sufism and a major part of Sufism literature is narrating Dignity of Sufi elders. According to Quran, prophets do acts that are impossible for mankind in facing of opponents to be an approval of their speech and acts. Some of Sufis consider Dignity as a reason to rightfulness of their leadership. But, some others denied it and consider it as a reason of downfall in the way to advancement and perfection. However, Dignity is seen in Iranian ROMANCEs and is an example of the capabilities of the hero of the ROMANCE. The root of it should be sought in the culture derived from myth. In this research, the author is going to analyze these commonalities together, and according to it, explore the Dignity out of Sufian stories and separate Dignities of story heroes from other in two ROMANCEs that have religious attitude, Abumoslenameh and Hamzehnameh, and come to the conclusion that ‘ Far’ (God Chosen), that is the spiritual power said in ancient thoughts, is the source of Dignity thought. The belief in all these stories is central. According to this, ROMANCE, especially religious ROMANCE, tries to promote the important element of belief; meaning that it will try to follow the purpose that Islamic mysticism got from telling elders stories.

The neo-Romantics of the CONTEMPORARY Arabic literature (the followers of Europian Romanticism). are among the forerunners who wanted to follow the modem literary changes. The emergence of Romantic Literary School in Arabic poetry is supposed to be the start of a undamental change in Arabic literature.as the start of a drastic change. Although their efforts mostly emphasized the reform of content while relying on two elements of 'veracity of sentiments' and 'organic unity' in poetry; soon after, this change was more and more developed by proponents of modem poetry. In less than half a century, the whole Arabic poetry was gradually affected by this unique change.

This article deals with the way the authors of the Grail ROMANCEs talked about their own work, which is presented as an inspired text intending to influence ethically and spiritually on readers. The authors suggest here that these words, usually considered as mere rhetorical devices, may reveal a philosophy and spirituality of book reading, in harmony with the theological and medieval religious culture. The mission of this art of reading is to affect on the soul of readers and listeners positively.   French: La lecture des romans du Graal: Spiritualité du livre, éthique de la lecture   Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont les auteurs des romans du Graal ont parlé de leurs propres oeuvres, évoquant des livres inspirés, destinés à agir éthiquement et spirituellement sur qui les entendaient lire. Les auteurs soutiennent ici que ces propos, généralement considérés comme de simples artifices rhétoriques, peuvent révéler ou au moins témoigner d’une philosophie du livre et d’une spiritualité de la lecture, ayant pour vocation d’agir sur l’âme des lecteurs et auditeurs, et s’inscrivant profondément dans la culture théologique et religieuse medieval.   Keywords: Romans du Graal, Lecture, Spiritualité, Livre, Quête

As a literary genre, ROMANCE reflects the social and ideological aspirations of the ruling class in different eras. Unlike the mythological god-hero, a ROMANCE hero is a mortal who is superior in rank to the ordinary mankind and environment. The same is true of the protagonist/hero ofHaft Peykar, Bahram Goor. This article is an attempt to study the structural principles dominating the ROMANCE genre and trace them in the story of Bahram Goor inHaft Peykar and its discursive stories. It is concluded thatHaft Peykar can be classified into ROMANCE genre.

The present paper is focusing on the quality of reading of popular ROMANCE novels by women.  The popular ROMANCE novels are today the best seller's part of narrative literature in Iran and their authors, readers and motifs are mainly female. The prevailing literature in the sociology of literature has not paid attention to this literary genre and this type has been hallmarked as a narcotizing genre and a rather false knowledge. However, the broadness of this type of novel and their main impacts on female readers make it necessary to study them closely.  The studies of this paper which have been conducted based on a research made by Janice Radway in the UK on female readers of ROMANCE novels investigates the method of familiarity of women with these types of novels and their quality of reading. Also efforts have been made to study the quality of reading by the type of readers' employment and age. The purchasers of ROMANCE novels in Book City were brought in to conduct the research, applying “interview” as the method of data collection.

The role that the parents play in the psychology of a child is indispensable. They are the two human beings that the child comes into contact with and looks up to them in almost everything. The Jungian psychology has tried to investigate the roots of father and mother in archetypal psychoanalysis and their relationship to childhood. Psychoanalytical readings of Radcliffe categorize her in female gothic and see her as a proto-feminist. While they are right about her search for a lost matriarchy, they ignore her endings in marriage. Radcliffe’s A Sicilian ROMANCE is filled with symbolism and symbolic elements. The mother-daughter relation including both rivalry and friendship is central to the novel. Sometimes the heroine antagonizes certain father figures and mother figures. At other times she looks for and cherishes other father and mother figures. The heroine' double attitude towards her parents resembles the double faces of father and mother archetypes. Her running from tyrant Patriarch and Matriarch is toward a new benevolent Matriarch who is later replaced by a chivalrous hero figure. The hero substitutes the father and plays the role of a husband who shows features of a chivalric manhood in a long-gone past. In the end While Radcliffean heroine in A Sicilian ROMANCE is looking unconsciously for her mother and therefore the lost Matriarchy, she consciously accepts an ideal Patriarchy.